A comparative study of the physiological and biochemical status within the lipid and fatty acid profile of the White Sea herring Clupea pallasi marisalbi Berg, caught in Dvina Bay of the White Sea in the autumn of 2010 and 2012, was made. It was found that the level of total lipids differed significantly between the fish collected in 2010 and 2012, primarily due to phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol). Despite the variations in the hydrochemical conditions (depth, water temperature, salinity) of the catch locations in 2010 and 2012, no differences in the herrings’ level of triacylglycerols and monoenoic fatty acids, which quantitative and qualitative composition is affected by the forage resources and temperature conditions, were observed. New data on triacylglycerols and the fatty acid spectrum of total lipids of the herring from Dvina Bay, showing the distinguishing prevalence of monoenoic fatty acids (up to 41.1 % of the total lipids), which should be considered as ecological and biochemical features of lipids characteristic of the White Sea herring and a biochemical adaptation to the specific trophoecological conditions of the White Sea pelagic part (temperature, salinity, currents, food items range, etc.), were collected.