The conditions and directions of technological modernization are described in the system of socioeconomic relations. An analysis of the possibilities of formation and development of innovation infrastructure in the Russian regions is made. The organizational and economic mechanism of the development of the regional innovation and technology infrastructure is explained. The implementation features of innovative capacity in the regions are defined based on the quality indicators and possible reallocation of the resources aimed at improving the performance of the regional innovation system. The indicators of human capital development are calculated and analyzed as the factors of technological modernization of regional economies.