A dynamic system that includes not only fishing, but also a complex of demographic, environmental and social changes taking place in the White Sea are discussed in the paper. Cognitive modeling is used in order to examine the possibilities of improving the living standards of the population using fisheries in the context of climate change, a market economy, anthropogenic impacts, pollution, eutrophication of the sea and other factors affecting the reproduction conditions, and living conditions population. The cognitive modeling is need to apply due to the fuzziness and fuzziness of the initial data of the system. The current problems of the fishing industry in the region, mainly due to largely various kinds of administrative barriers, features of the market economy and the imperfection of fisheries legislation briefly are described. In this work, the objective function of managing a complex socio-ecological-economic system is aimed at achieving a high standard of living standards of the population using fisheries - one of the most important activities of the local population. Conceptual modeling and the mathematical apparatus of continuous or fuzzy logic for creating a cognitive model were used.