Any pathological process can affect the quantitative and qualitative features of the composition of the circulating blood. This determines the great importance of the need to study blood under conditions of local cold injury and to identify patterns of changes in various indicators. Blood is primarily exposed to toxic substances that have arisen in the lesion. The article presents the results of an experimental study, the purpose of which was to study the changes in the cellular composition of rat blood depending on the time of their exposure in the conditions of local cold injury.The study of hematological parameters of peripheral blood was to determine the content of neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes.The data obtained expand and deepen the understanding of the nature of intoxication under the stress of various factors, and also indicate that the local cold exposure affects the activity of cells that provide reactions of nonspecific and specific immune response, in particular from neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes.