The article devote to development of limnology from XIX century till nowadays. It demonstrated
development of theory and practice of limnology from period of first activities in limnology by founder of limnology professor Forel till now. In the article showed development of new technologies and applications of the achievements of science to limnology these are remote sensing, numerical modeling and others. Among the modern tasks are the investigation of impacts of regional and global changes to the water bodies and watersheads. The article addresses the contemporary problems of limnology, with special emphasis on the interactions between the aquatic and socio-economic environments and development of modern limnological paradigma.