Marine sedimentation was studied using dispersed sedimentary material of the water column in sedimentation traps in comparison with the surface layer of bottom sediments. Long-term studies of a small sea have enabled identification of new regularities in the sedimentary process in the Subarctic and Arctic zones of Northwest Russia. The monthly, seasonal, and long-term dynamics of the main components of the streams of dispersed sedimentary matter were studied. The chronology of the marine stage of sedimentation of the main components of dispersed sedimentary matter is presented; it is shown that the biogenic component of the flux decreases by an order of magnitude upon transition from dispersed forms to concentrated ones. The average values of the vertical fluxes were calculated: the total, and by the contributions of the main biogenic and terrigenous components per 1 m2 of the bottom and over the entire deep-water area of the White Sea.