The article presents information about the formation and development of the leading science school in Ecological Biochemistry of Animals, which is primarily composed of research associates, graduate and post-graduate students of the Environmental Biochemistry Laboratory of IB KarRC RAS, representing several generations of researchers united by common scientific interests. Studies of the science school team are mostly concerned with the biochemical and molecular-genetic mechanisms behind the development of adaptive reactions in organisms of various ecological and phylogenetic groups. The article provides information on the main scientific results and publications of the science school team regarding ecological and biochemical adaptations of organisms, mainly aquatic ones. Examples of the biochemical adaptations in aquatic organisms are given.