The paper presents the results of an analysis of the formation patterns of the chemical composition of lake water in an urban environment. The objects of the study were eight lakes of Murmansk, which are exposed to human impact of varying degree. It established that the chemical composition of water in the studied lakes is shaped by a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. Factor analysis by the principal components method revealed four significant factors: 1) regional features of the study area (geological structure of catchment areas, influence of marine aerosols); 2) inflow of allochthonous organic matter from the land cover; 3) eutrophication of lakes, as well as redox conditions inside the lakes; 4) human pressure on the lakes and their catchments (combustion of fuel oil, motor transport, degradation of infrastructure). Correlation analysis showed that the water pH, total dissolved solids, and acid neutralizing capacity depended in a regular manner on the content of major ions and alkaline and alkaline-earth metals in the studied lakes. A relationship was detected between indirect indicators of organic matter content (TOC, chromaticity, humus) and concentrations of typomorphic (Fe, Al) and rare-earth elements (Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd).